A Framework for Structuring Research Campaigns Leveraging MBSE
Conference
Title
A Framework for Structuring Research Campaigns Leveraging MBSE
Abstract
This manuscript presents a novel application of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) to define and execute a campaign of research aimed at addressing an ambitious system design end state. Unlike traditional approaches that begin with fixed requirements, the methodology adopts an evolutionary approach to investigate the “art of the possible.” Starting with a high-level description of the end state, a series of derived research questions are defined that must be sequentially answered to achieve the final goal. These questions serve as the foundation for defining research activities, each articulated to address one or more questions while incrementally advancing understanding of the solution space. Leveraging MBSE ensures traceability between research questions, research activities, and evolving system architectures, as part of a robust framework for managing complexity.
Each research activity is conducted using a specific prototype system. The architecture of that system is developed to address the scope of the research questions being asked. Initial research activities focus on simpler questions and employ straightforward architectures, establishing baseline knowledge and proof-of-concept capabilities. Subsequent research activities build on these foundations, progressively increasing in complexity as they address more challenging research questions. This incremental, evolutionary approach enables the systematic refinement of design concepts and technologies, while reducing risk and uncertainty as system design progresses towards the desired end state.
The methodology departs from traditional verification and validation (V&V) practices by focusing on exploratory research rather than verifying predetermined requirements. Instead, the aim is to probe the feasibility and potential of emerging ideas and technologies. A case study demonstrates the effectiveness of this framework, highlighting how an applied MBSE approach can guide complex research campaigns with clarity and precision. The results emphasise the value of this approach in system development for ambitious use cases that may otherwise be unattainable.
Key takeaways:
- Start your research campaign with the desired, ambitious end state and work backward to define progressively simpler research questions that create a clear, logical roadmap.
- Use MBSE to capture and link research questions, research activities, architectures, and results in a unified model for full traceability and adaptability.
- Adopt an incremental, flexible process where prototypes and research activities evolve based on outcomes, reducing risk and enabling systematic refinement.
Authors
Photi Karagiannis CPEng NER MSysEng, Senior Systems Engineer, Shoal Group
Tommie Liddy CSEP, Director and Principal Engineer, Turen
Matthew Wylie MBA CPE CSEP, Head of Engineering, Shoal Group
Date
Thursday 31 July 2025
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About Shoal
Shoal is complex systems design company. We use Systems Engineering combined with Modelling, Simulation and Analysis to help our clients define, analyse, decide, optimise, and deliver technology-intensive projects in complex environments across Defence, Space, Transport, Energy and Infrastructure.
More: shoalgroup.com
Contact
Matthew Wylie
Chief Engineer, Shoal Group
[email protected]
